{"id":294,"date":"2026-02-04T12:57:47","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T11:57:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/?page_id=294"},"modified":"2026-02-09T21:32:28","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T20:32:28","slug":"agile-the-simulation-software-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/agile-the-simulation-software-2\/","title":{"rendered":"AGILE: THE SIMULATION SOFTWARE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The AGILE software with its documentation is available <a href=\"http:\/\/lsst-inaf-agile-2e2eed.pages.ict.inaf.it\/index.html#\">here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">This is a schematic view of how the AGILE pipeline works:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"578\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21-1024x578.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-256\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.771647157416669;width:1600px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21-1024x578.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21-768x433.png 768w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21-1536x867.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21.png 1542w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-256\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-11.02.21-300x169.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-base-background-color has-background has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-radius:0px\"><strong>Step 1: Creation of the truth catalog containing Galaxies, AGN and stars<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Galaxies: <\/strong>We start from an empirically calibrated galaxy sample with redshifts, stellar masses, star-formation rates, and morphologies generated using <a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2017A%26A...602A..96S\/abstract\">EGG (Empirical Galaxy Generator; Schreiber+ 2017)<\/a> and the most up-to-date measurements of the stellar mass function (COSMOS2020; Weaver+ 2023) up to z ~ 5.5. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>AGN: <\/strong>We then populate galaxies with AGN whose properties are based on empirical recipes: <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In detail: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\">Galaxies are populated with specific accretion rates lambda_SAR = LX\/Mstar according to the p(lambda_SAR = LX \/ Mstar | Mstar, z, type) by Zou+2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\">X-ray AGN with LX and z are assigned optical type1\/type2 following Merloni+2014<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\">Optical (2500 AA) luminosities are assigned to X-ray AGN based on alpha_OX following the relation by Lusso+2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\">Optical SEDs and broad-band magnitudes are assigned to X-ray AGN according to re-fitted parameters (this work) by QSOGEN (Temple+ 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\">AGN E(B-V) is assigned based on empirical distributions from COSMOS (type2) and LSST DDF (type1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\">MBH is assigned according to MBH-Mstar scaling relations based on the continuity model with redshift evolution (Roberts, Shankar, in prep.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">3. <strong>Stars: <\/strong>Finally, the Milky Way and Magellanic cloud single and binary stars are added from the publicly available <a href=\"https:\/\/datalab.noirlab.edu\/lsst_sim\/index.php\">LSST SIM<\/a> database, which is based on the <a href=\"http:\/\/stev.oapd.inaf.it\/cgi-bin\/trilegal\">TRILEGAL<\/a> code (<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2012ASSP...26..165G\/abstract\">Girardi+ 2012<\/a>). Variability is included also for the star catalog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 2: Creation of the instance truth catalog<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The second step consists in going from a purely static Universe to a variable one. This is achieved by assigning optical lightcurves to variable sources, i.e. AGN and stars (CCs, LPVs and binary star systems). We do not consider transient phenomena such as supernovae, or tidal disruption events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Specifically, AGN lightcurves are assigned based on a Damped Random Walk model taking into account physical AGN properties e.g. luminosity and MBH (Suberlak+ 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 3: Simulated multi-band LSST images (ugrizy): <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The AGN+galaxy+stars truth catalog is then fed into the LSST image simulation pipeline <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lsst.org\/scientists\/simulations\/imsim\">Imsim<\/a><\/strong> , which takes into account instrumental effects, sky background, and the LSST <strong>cadence<\/strong>, to generate simulated multi-band images in the Rubin-LSST bands, i.e. u, g, r, i, z, y (and possibly also Euclid VIS+NIR bands). For the current release, we have used the LSST baseline 4.0. In Fig. 1 we show the r-band image corresponding to 1 patch (0.05deg2) with overplotted type-1 AGN (orange circles), type-2 AGN (green circles), galaxies (red circles) and stars (violet).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/image-3.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"754\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-112\" style=\"width:1600px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/image-3.png 748w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/image-3-298x300.png 298w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/image-3-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 1: r-band image corresponding to 1 patch (0.05deg2) with overplotted type-1 AGN (orange circles), type-2 AGN (green circles), galaxies (red circles) and stars (violet). <\/strong><\/figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/image-3.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-112\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/image-3-298x300.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"\">Fig. 2 <\/bdo><bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"\"><\/bdo><bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"\">a<\/bdo><bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"\">n<\/bdo><bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"\">d <\/bdo><bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"\"><\/bdo><bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"\">3<\/bdo> <bdo dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"\">show a zoom-in to the individual 30s calexp images and coadded images. The panels correspond to ugrizy (left to right, top to bottom). <\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-53-1.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"729\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-53-1-1024x729.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-53-1-1024x729.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-53-1-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-53-1-768x547.png 768w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-53-1.png 1365w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 2: Zoom-in to the individual 30s calexp images. The panels correspond to ugrizy (left to right, top to bottom).<\/strong><\/figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-53-1.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-108\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-53-1-300x214.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-34-2.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-34-2-1024x726.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-34-2-1024x726.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-34-2-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-34-2-768x544.png 768w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-34-2.png 1401w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 3: Zoom-in to the coadded images, corresponding to a total of 1,441 visits. The six panels correspond to ugrizy (left to right, top to bottom). The r-band image shows the locations of AGN type1 (circles) and AGN type2 (squares).<\/strong><\/figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-34-2.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-109\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-from-2025-07-13-14-36-34-2-300x213.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 4: Building realistic catalog-level simulated data: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">On the simulated images we then extract the photometric catalogs using the official LSST photometric tool (<a href=\"https:\/\/pipelines.lsst.io\/index.html\">https:\/\/pipelines.lsst.io\/index.html<\/a>) in order to create a realistic LSST photometric catalog.&nbsp;<br>Fig. 4 shows an example of simulated SED (black line) with overplotted the extracted realistic fluxes (circles) while Fig. 5 shows a simulated AGILE type1 AGN lightcurve (solid line) with fluxes (circles) extracted in the imSim simulated images using the LSST Science Pipelines. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/example_sed-1.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"783\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/example_sed-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-110\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.33393669976309;width:788px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/example_sed-1.png 783w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/example_sed-1-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/example_sed-1-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 783px) 100vw, 783px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 4: Example of simulated SED (black line) with overplotted the extracted realistic fluxes (circles) in ugrizy bands<\/strong><\/figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/example_sed-1.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-110\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/example_sed-1-300x225.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-host wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover\"><a class=\"wpcp-wp-lightbox-image-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35.png\" data-wpcp-wp-lb-image=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"732\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35-1024x732.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35-1024x732.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35-1536x1098.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35-2048x1464.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 5: Simulated AGILE type1 AGN lightcurve (solid line) with extracted realistic fluxes (circles) in ugrizy bands<\/strong><\/figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35.png\" data-fancybox=\"wpcp-wp-img-270\" class=\"wpcp-lightbox-trigger wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon wpcp-position-top-right wpcp-advanced-image-lightbox-icon-hover wpcp-global-lightbox-icon wpcp-lightbox-icon--global wpcp-lb-icon-style-default\" data-wpcp-lb-icon-source=\"global\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" data-thumb-src=\"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-12.29.35-300x214.png\" data-wpcp-lb-single=\"1\"><span class=\"wpcp-icon-container\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path d=\"M17.6585 16.025L14.2437 12.6198C15.1716 11.3338 15.6121 9.7613 15.4871 8.1819C15.362 6.60251 14.6795 5.11847 13.5607 3.99351C12.936 3.36206 12.1916 2.86066 11.3709 2.51845C10.5502 2.17623 9.66952 2 8.77995 2C7.89039 2 7.00969 2.17623 6.18899 2.51845C5.36829 2.86066 4.62395 3.36206 3.99919 3.99351C3.36594 4.61649 2.86312 5.35871 2.51992 6.17708C2.17673 6.99545 2 7.87365 2 8.76068C2 9.64772 2.17673 10.5259 2.51992 11.3443C2.86312 12.1627 3.36594 12.9049 3.99919 13.5279C5.11957 14.6901 6.62279 15.4103 8.23285 15.5562C9.84291 15.7022 11.4517 15.2641 12.7639 14.3224L16.1788 17.7275C16.3849 17.9034 16.6473 18 16.9186 18C17.1899 18 17.4523 17.9034 17.6585 17.7275C18.1138 17.16 18.1138 16.5925 17.6585 16.025ZM5.59278 12.0523C5.16258 11.6298 4.82094 11.1263 4.58774 10.5709C4.35455 10.0156 4.23446 9.41951 4.23446 8.81744C4.23446 8.21536 4.35455 7.6193 4.58774 7.06394C4.82094 6.50859 5.16258 6.00503 5.59278 5.58257C6.01644 5.15359 6.52144 4.81292 7.07838 4.58039C7.63532 4.34786 8.23308 4.22811 8.83687 4.22811C9.44066 4.22811 10.0384 4.34786 10.5954 4.58039C11.1523 4.81292 11.6573 5.15359 12.081 5.58257C12.5112 6.00503 12.8528 6.50859 13.086 7.06394C13.3192 7.6193 13.4393 8.21536 13.4393 8.81744C13.4393 9.41951 13.3192 10.0156 13.086 10.5709C12.8528 11.1263 12.5112 11.6298 12.081 12.0523C11.6573 12.4813 11.1523 12.822 10.5954 13.0545C10.0384 13.287 9.44066 13.4068 8.83687 13.4068C8.23308 13.4068 7.63532 13.287 7.07838 13.0545C6.52144 12.822 6.01644 12.4813 5.59278 12.0523Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The AGILE software with its documentation is available&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/lsst-inaf-agile-2e2eed.pages.ict.inaf.it\/index.html#\">here<\/a><\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The AGILE software with its documentation is available here This is a schematic view of how the AGILE pipeline works: Step 1: Creation of the truth catalog containing Galaxies, AGN and stars In detail: 3. Stars: Finally, the Milky Way and Magellanic cloud single and binary stars are added from the publicly available LSST SIM [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"angela","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-294","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=294"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":328,"href":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/294\/revisions\/328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oa-roma.inaf.it\/lsst-agn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}